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News . . .

•→Commenting-on-the-news/⇐[speaking]

•→http://www.englishpage.com/readingroom.html⇐

World news for students of English in three levels ⇑ Dead easy!

¤ Special English

A simple form of the English language, used by a public radio station called Voice of America, run by the United States government in Special English programs […]

Functional language

•→ English greetings ←[introducing yourself & other people]

← There are many ways of bidding someone farewell →

Some are very specific;

others restricted to some territories.

¤ Vagueness in spoken English

Vague language […]

Write BETTER!

•→www.thefictiondesk.com/ten-ways-to-improve-your-writing-for-free/⇐

¤ 6 ways to improve your English writing skills

Today it is very trendy to focus primarily on communicative skills and neglecting writing as a method of learning an English language. Though it is essential to make yourself understood in speech, writing is equally important in the […]

Strong auxiliaries

Auxiliary verbs are needed in English for both questions and negative statements. They are grammar words, and typically de-emphasized in speech by being uttered in a very soft voice. They often appear as question-tags in everyday conversation… «You know what I mean, don’t you?»

When we write in […]

Discourse

The→THREE DISCOURSE PRINCIPLES ←[Advanced] •→INFORMATION ORDERING ⇔ [quiz] ←

• Here’s a great lesson on →DISCOURSE MARKERS← courtesy of Kenneth Beare, an ESL teacher, trainer, and content developer. He provides consulting services for English language learning projects through Englishfeed, as well as being the founder of Lingofeeds, dedicated to English for […]

Delexical verbs

delexical verbs

¤ Markéta Guňková: Why teach delexical verbs?

(1) frequency: Delexical verbs are common structure in English, either in everyday conversations (have a drink, give a call, take a break) or in academic English (make a contribution, give a speech, do research).

(2) fluency: delexical structures contribute to the impression of fluency […]

Register

In linguistics, one of many styles or varieties of language determined by such factors as social occasion, purpose, and audience. More generally, register is also used to indicate degrees of formality in language use.

Formal Style Informal Style Legal English Levels of Usage ¤ Formal & informal English: explanations & tips…

abril 15th, 2015 | Tags: , , | Category: FunctionaLang | Leave a comment

Not bad!

Unlike Spaniards, who are prone to exaggeration in their everyday remarks, Britons (not Americans!) tend to prefer understatements. Take a movie: while it may well be appraised as ‘Great!’ or ‘Brilliant!‘ by a Spanish national, it might simply be assessed as ‘Not bad’ (not less appraisal to be inferred from the lips […]

Ouch!

icon

♣ Can you feel the pain? ↔aches & pains. •→PAIN collocations⇐

•→Physically painful ⇐[MacMillan Dictionary]

¤ English words and phrases connected with injury.

Boil = infected swelling with liquid inside it:

«You’ll need to go to the doctor to have that boil lanced.» (lance – puncture and clean)

Lump […]

Verbal Communication

THE LIVING SISTERS ⇓ Video by Michel Gondry [2011]

How are you doing? How are you doing?I’ll be fine, how about you?I’m fine too

How is it going? How is it going?Yes it goes, what about you?It goes for me too.

Nothing new, can’t […]

Advertising & Commercials

¤ A slide_share presentation: ↓ History of Advertising

History of Advertising from Tugce Esener Φ The Language of Advertising . . .⇐

φ Advertising vocabulary quiz . . . ⇒ [01] ⇔ [02] ⇔ [03] ⇐

•→38-examples-of-great-visual-pun-in-advertising/⇐

◊ Guinness 1994 ⇓ ‘We have all the time in the world’ […]

A symphony of adjectives

•→Adjectives … lists ⇒[01] ⇔ [02]⇐ // •→Top 500 Adjectives⇐

⇒ QUIZ #1 ⇔ QUIZ #2 ⇐

∞ Collocations… Click on ⇒facilities⇐ Find the odd one out.

Φ Opposites … ⇒ [01] ⇔ [02] ⇔ [03] ⇔ [04]⇐

•→Softening ⇐[quizzes]

If you use a negative adjective, […]

Negation

♣ Negation ⇐(like asking) is one of the most difficult areas of English

•→ Double Negatives⇐[a feature of Spaniards and Blacks]

∇ Transferred Negation

When we express negative ideas with verbs like think, believe… we prefer to make the first verb negative instead of the second. We shift or transfer the […]

Assertive vs Nonassertive forms

¤ Ways of saying . . . ‘YEP!’ ⇓

. . . ‘definitely‘ / ‘of course‘ / ‘sure‘ / ‘naturally‘ / ‘that’s right‘ / ‘I don’t mind if I do‘ / ‘by all means‘ / ‘you bet‘ / ‘you’re on‘ / ‘no problem‘ / ‘affirmative‘ / ‘absolutely‘ […]

Verb tenses & aspects

♣ English Tenses & Aspects . . . →[Basic]← // →[Advanced]←

English tenses ⇑ ∞ Tense consistency …

Many learners get mixed up between these two expressions. Listen to Liliane’s free tutorial at Beta College of English ⇓

What’s important to remember: the forms ‘have/has got..’ are only […]

Passive Voice

¤  ACTIVE & PASSIVE TENSES CHART…  ⇒ [01] ⇔  [02] ⇐

We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken.

Thus «Cigarette ads were […]

Reporting

A reporting verb is a word which is used to talk about or report on other people’s work. Reporting verbs can be used to great effect, but the difficulty with using them is that there are many, and each of them has a slightly different and often subtle meaning. . […]

Idioms

• Idioms galore in alphabetical order…⇒[01] ⇔ [02] ⇔[03] ⇔ [04] ⇔[05]⇐

⇓ •→ 10 Common English Idioms: Explained←

♦ Ten more ⇓

♦ Six expressions that bother ↓ Apparently Ashley

‘easy as pie’ / ‘expect the unexpected’ / ‘The customer is always right’ […]

Conditionals

A comprehensive Powerpoint presentation on all conditional structures.

Notice there’s an omission near the end (count no. 6:14)

The subject’s missing from the last example (i.e. subject pronoun «I»); ‘mixed conditionals’:

Wish + Past Participle → I wish I hadn’t drunk so much ←

Remember to pause the player when […]

Mind your modals!

Auxiliary, or helping verbs, are used before infinitives to add a different meaning. The following auxiliaries are called ⇒Modal Auxiliaries or Modals⇐

Modal Auxiliaries Meanings / Functions can ability, permission, request, possibility could ability, formal request, possibility shall futurity, willingness, intention, suggestion, insistence should obligation, necessity, expectation, advisability will willingness, intention, prediction, […]