¤ Finite & Non-finite Verbs ←[pdf]
¤ Auxiliary Verbs ⇐
- «Auxiliaries are required with non-finite verbs. This is their role to mark non-finite verb forms for tense, aspect and voice, which non-finite verbs cannot express. Finite verbs mark these features on their own.»
(Bernard T. O’Dwyer, Modern English Structures: Form, Function)
¤ Nonfinite Verbs ↓
A form of the verb which, unlike finite verbs, does not show a distinction in tense and cannot stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. The main types of non-finite verbs are infinitives and -ing forms (also known as participles and gerunds).
∞ Gerunds & Infinitives . . .
•→engvid.com/english-resource/verbs-followed-by-gerunds-and-infinitives/⇐
- Verbs Followed by Infinitive ⇐verbs that are immediately followed by the infinitive form of another verb (verb + to do). Each verb + infinitive is followed by two example sentences to provide context.
Φ Gerund or Infinitive? … [ QUIZZES . . .]
⇒[01] ⇔ [02] ⇔ [03] ⇔ [04] ⇔ [05] ⇔ [06] ⇔ [07] ⇔
•→ Impersonal Subjects: Gerund and It + Infinitive ⇐
•→http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/english-as-a-second-language/gerunds←
¤ Verbs & Expressions + -ing . . . ⇓ . . .
• Prepositional verbs with ‘to’ + -ING
•→ Verbs followed by TO + infinitive or the gerund with a change of meaning ⇐
◊ Share Presentation ⇓ finite & non-finite verbs
Slide 3:
EXAMPLES: They play football.
He plays football.
You are playing football.
She is playing football.
She was playing football.
Things to observe :
Each verb has its subject. The form of the verb depends on its subject.
Each verb is limited by number, person of the subject and its tense . THESE ARE FINITE VERBS
Slide 4:
EXAMPLES: They like to play football.
He likes to play football.
She is playing football.
He was playing football.
They have always liked to play football.
Things to observe:
The verb ‘play’ doesn’t have any subject.
The verb ‘play’ isn’t limited by number, person of the subject.
It isn’t limited by the tense of the sentence. THESE ARE NON-FINITE VERBS
Slide 6:
THE INFINITIVE IS A NON-FINITE VERB, GENERALLY PRECEDED BY ‘TO’.
A VERB THAT IS USED LIKE A NOUN, ADJECTIVE, OR ADVERB.
1.The students like to join our club.
2. It is easy to criticize others.
3. The captain hopes to win the game.
4. The girl is too sick to walk.
5. The children have come to see the circus.
Slide 7:
THE PARTICIPLE IS A NON-FINITE VERB, A VERB THAT DOES THE WORK OF AN ADJECTIVE.
The Present Participle: Ends in ‘ing’ Shows an action as going on or incomplete.
The Past Participle: Ends in –ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n Shows an action as completed.
Slide 8:
THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
1.I saw the thief stealing money.
2.I can hear him laughing.
3.He climbed onto the moving train.
4. Seeing the rush of people, he closed the door.
5. I saw the moon rising.
6. They were playing when we went to the shop.
7. Seeing her arrive, we were relieved.
8.Considering his abilities, he should have done better.
9. The weather being fine, we went out.
10. Stealing a piece of cheese, the crow flew to the nest.
Slide 9:
THE PAST PARTICIPLE
1.Deceived by his brothers, he sought justice from the court.
2. His torn coat looked so shabby.
3. A lost opportunity never comes back.
4. The lady seems worried about something.
5. I saw the boy with the stolen cycle.
6. The long queue left the boy disappointed.
7. Learned men don’t talk much.
8. Blinded by the thunder-storm, he fell down.
9. Driven out by his family, he took help from his friends.
10. They had gone before the rain started.
Slide 10:
THE GERUND IS A NON-FINITE VERB. ENDS IN ‘ING’ WORKS LIKE A NOUN
Jogging is a good exercise.
Reading is his hobby.
We enjoy eating ice-creams.
The boys were tired of running.
We spend the whole time playing cards.
The child loves watching the rain.
Dying is better than lying.
The two friends are fond of flying kites.
He seemed to be interested in fighting.
She prefers studying English at night.
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