{"id":8339,"date":"2015-02-12T12:37:23","date_gmt":"2015-02-12T12:37:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/?p=8339"},"modified":"2020-06-04T20:32:15","modified_gmt":"2020-06-04T20:32:15","slug":"bonny-scotland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/?p=8339","title":{"rendered":"Bonnie Scotland"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/nicolaswankie\/50-weird-scottish-words\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2876\" title=\"scottish_flag\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/scottish_flag-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"192\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/scottish_flag-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/scottish_flag-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/scottish_flag.jpg 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If you&#8217;re travelling to Scotland it may be worth learning some of these words. They are heard everywhere, and most of them have been included in the corpus of modern English vocabulary.<\/p>\n<h6>\u2190Wauk yer wits<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u2022\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Understand-Scottish-Slang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wikihow.com\/Understand-Scottish-Slang<\/a>\u2190<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2193 \u00a0\u00a0Caa canny!<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Scottish-English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2875 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/UK-Scotland-flag.gif\" alt=\"UK-Scotland-flag\" width=\"574\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/UK-Scotland-flag.gif 1197w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/UK-Scotland-flag-300x150.gif 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/UK-Scotland-flag-1024x513.gif 1024w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/UK-Scotland-flag-150x75.gif 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/UK-Scotland-flag-400x200.gif 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u2022\u2192<\/span><a style=\"font-weight: bold;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cNQQo8bFhGM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kenneth MacNeill _ Highland clearances\u00a0<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u21d0<\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a4 \u00a0Scottish <strong>Myths &amp; Legends &#8230;\u00a0\u21d2<a href=\"http:\/\/www.compassrose.org\/folklore\/scottish\/Scottish-Folktales.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[01]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rampantscotland.com\/features\/mythology.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[02]<\/a> \u21d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>X\u00a0\u2192<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AWdBKC7j6kU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>St Andrew<\/strong>,\u00a0Scotland&#8217;s patron saint<\/a>\u2190<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u221e\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EkpHKpuGwjo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8216;Cam Ye O&#8217;er Frae France&#8217;<\/a> \u00a0\u2193<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8230;a\u00a0Scots\u00a0mocking\u00a0folk song from the time of the\u00a0<a title=\"Jacobitism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobitism#Hanoverians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jacobite Revolution<\/a>\u00a0in the 18th century.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qfXMbZTMP4k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50858\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Cam-ye-oer-frae-France.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Cam-ye-oer-frae-France.jpg 480w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Cam-ye-oer-frae-France-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Cam-ye-oer-frae-France-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Cam-ye-oer-frae-France-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<address>Cam ye o&#8217;er frae France? Cam ye down by <strong>Lunnon<\/strong>? \u00a0 \u00a0 . . . (<strong>=\u00a0<\/strong>London)<\/address>\n<address>Saw ye Geordie Whelps and his <strong>bonny woman<\/strong>? \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 . . . \u00a0(= a woman of loose character)<\/address>\n<address>Were ye at the place ca&#8217;d the <strong>Kittle Housie<\/strong>? \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0. \u00a0(= brothel)<\/address>\n<address>Saw ye Geordie&#8217;s grace riding on a <strong>goosie<\/strong>? \u00a0 \u00a0&#8230; \u00a0(derisive nickname for the King&#8217;s mistress)<\/address>\n<address>Geordie, he&#8217;s a man there is little doubt o&#8217;t;<\/address>\n<address>He&#8217;s done a&#8217; he can, wha can do without it? \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/address>\n<address style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0&#8230; (&#8216;<strong>blade<\/strong>&#8216;= a person of weak, soft constitution from rapid overgrowth)\u00a0\u00a0<\/address>\n<address>Down there came a <strong>blade<\/strong> <strong>linkin&#8217;<\/strong> like my lordie; \u00a0 \u00a0 &#8230;\u00a0\u00a0(&#8216;<strong>linkin&#8217;<\/strong>\u00a0= tripping along)<\/address>\n<address>He wad drive a trade at the loom o&#8217; Geordie.<\/address>\n<address>Though the <strong>claith<\/strong> were bad, blythly may we <strong>niffer<\/strong>; \u00a0<\/address>\n<address>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0&#8230;(<strong>&#8216;<strong>claith&#8217;<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>= cloth<strong>; &#8216;<strong>niffer&#8217;<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>= haggle\/exchange)<\/address>\n<address><strong>Gin<\/strong> we get a <strong>wab<\/strong>, it makes little differ. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &#8230; (<strong>gin<\/strong>\u00a0= if, whether; \u00a0<strong>wab<\/strong>\u00a0= web\/length of cloth)<\/address>\n<address>We hae <strong>tint<\/strong> our plaid, bannet, belt and swordie, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0&#8230; \u00a0(= lost)<\/address>\n<address><strong>Ha&#8217;s and mailins<\/strong> <strong>braid<\/strong>\u2014but we hae a Geordie! \u00a0 \u00a0&#8230; (= houses &amp; farmlands \/ &#8216;<strong>braid&#8217;<\/strong>\u00a0= broad)\u00a0<\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address>Jocky&#8217;s <strong>gane<\/strong> to France and Montgomery&#8217;s lady; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 . . . \u00a0(= gone)<\/address>\n<address>There they&#8217;ll learn to dance: Madam, are ye ready?<\/address>\n<address>They&#8217;ll be back <strong>belyve<\/strong> belted, brisk and lordly; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 . . . (= quickly)<\/address>\n<address><strong>Brawly<\/strong> may they thrive to dance a jig wi&#8217; Geordie! \u00a0 \u00a0. . . (= well;)<\/address>\n<address>Hey for Sandy Don! \u00a0Hey for Cockolorum!<\/address>\n<address>Hey for Bobbing John and his Highland Quorum!<\/address>\n<address>Mony a sword and lance swings at Highland <strong>hurdie<\/strong>; \u00a0 . . . (= buttock)<\/address>\n<address>How they&#8217;ll skip and dance o&#8217;er the bum o&#8217; Geordie!<\/address>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YpMiYh9zNuA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vqbH4KeSRCg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23754\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Glencoe.jpeg\" alt=\"Glencoe\" width=\"157\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Glencoe.jpeg 157w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Glencoe-118x150.jpeg 118w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 157px) 100vw, 157px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a4 \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scottish-history.com\/glencoe.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The Massacre of Glencoe<\/span><\/a>&#8216; \u21d2<strong style=\"text-align: right; font-size: 13px;\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This song recollects a most infamous event in Highland history, when <strong>Campbell<\/strong>-led government troops massacred 38 <strong>MacDonalds<\/strong>\u00a0in Glencoe\u00a0deep in the winter of 1692,\u00a0after they had accepted their hospitality for two weeks.<\/p>\n<p>On 12 February Glenlyon received written orders from his superior, Major Duncanson:<\/p>\n<address style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00abYou are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the McDonalds of Glencoe, and put all to the sword under seventy. You are to have a special care that the old Fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands, you are to secure all the avenues that no man escape.\u00bb<\/address>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">First recorded by <strong>Nigel Denver<\/strong>, later by \u2192<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9yYjG6nUwyc#t=70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alastair McDonald<\/a>\u2190<\/strong>, thereafter \u00a0by many others.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7 \u00a0 John McDermott \u00a0\u21d3<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-UFMx3xE9Ko\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Oh, cruel is the snow that sweeps Glencoe and covers the grave o&#8217; Donald;<br \/>\nOh, cruel was the foe that raped Glencoe and murdered the house of MacDonald<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">They came in the blizzard, we offered them heat,<br \/>\nA roof for their heads, dry shoes for their feet;<br \/>\nWe wined them and dined them, they ate of our meat,<br \/>\nAnd they slept in the house of MacDonald<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">They came from Fort William wi murder in mind;<br \/>\nThe Campbell had orders King William had signed;<br \/>\n\u00abPut all to the sword,\u00bb these words underlined,<br \/>\n\u00abAnd leave none alive called MacDonald.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">They came in the night when the men were asleep,<br \/>\nThis band of Argyles, through snow soft and deep;<br \/>\nLike murdering foxes amongst helpless sheep,<br \/>\nThey slaughtered the house of MacDonald.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Some died in their beds at the hand o the foe;<br \/>\nSome fled in the night and were lost in the snow;<br \/>\nSome lived to accuse him wha struck the first blow,<br \/>\nBut gone was the house of MacDonald.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Oh, cruel is the snow that sweeps Glencoe and covers the grave o&#8217; Donald;<br \/>\nOh, cruel was the foe that raped Glencoe and murdered the house of MacDonald<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h6>\u2666\u2192\u00a0 The Corries\u00a0 \u21d3\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n1CTxa-FuKc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Skye boat song<\/a><\/h6>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eMWH75EcvDk\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a4\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/youtu.be\/NhiShBJBQVo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Music of Scotland<\/a> \u00a0\u2193 \u00a0[Wiki Article]<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Scotland\u00a0is internationally known for its traditional music, which has<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IbWtviN4BG0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-2662\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/thistle.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"178\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/thistle.jpeg 188w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/thistle-114x150.jpg 114w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 178px) 100vw, 178px\" \/><\/a> remained vibrant throughout the 20th century, when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to pop music. In spite of\u00a0emigration\u00a0and a well-developed connection to music imported from the rest of\u00a0Europe\u00a0and the\u00a0United States, the\u00a0<strong>music of Scotland<\/strong>\u00a0has kept many of its traditional aspects; indeed, it has itself influenced many forms of music.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Many outsiders associate Scottish folk music almost entirely with the\u00a0<a title=\"Great Highland Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Highland_Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Highland Bagpipe<\/a>, which has indeed long played an important part of Scottish music. Although this particular form of bagpipe developed exclusively in Scotland, it is not the only Scottish bagpipe, and other bagpiping traditions remain across Europe. The earliest mention of bagpipes in Scotland dates to the 15th century although they could have been introduced to Scotland as early as the 6th century. The\u00a0<em>p\u00ecob mh\u00f3r<\/em>, or\u00a0<a title=\"Great Highland Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Highland_Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Highland Bagpipe<\/a>, was originally associated with both hereditary piping families and professional pipers to various clan chiefs; later, pipes were adopted for use in other venues, including military marching. Piping clans included the\u00a0<a title=\"Clan MacArthur\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clan_MacArthur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MacArthurs<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Clan Donald\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clan_Donald\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MacDonalds<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Clan MacKay\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clan_MacKay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">McKays<\/a>\u00a0and, especially, the\u00a0<a title=\"Clan MacCrimmon\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clan_MacCrimmon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MacCrimmon<\/a>, who were hereditary pipers to the\u00a0<a title=\"Clan MacLeod\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clan_MacLeod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clan MacLeod<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022\u00a0Folk music<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Folk music takes many forms in a broad musical tradition, although the dividing lines are not rigid, and many artists work across the boundaries. Culturally, there is a split between the Gaelic tradition and the Scots tradition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BCkcYYQv3so\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-24486\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/macdonald.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"118\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/macdonald.jpeg 118w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/macdonald-62x150.jpeg 62w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 118px) 100vw, 118px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The oldest forms of music in Scotland are theorised to be Gaelic singing and\u00a0<a title=\"Harp\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harp<\/a>\u00a0playing. Although much of the harp tradition was lost through extinction, the harp is being revived by contemporary players. Later, the\u00a0<a title=\"Great Highland Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Highland_Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Highland Bagpipe<\/a>\u00a0appeared on the scene. The original music of the bagpipe is called Piobaireachd, this is the classical music of the bagpipe. &#8216;p\u00ecobaireachd&#8217; literally means &#8216;piping&#8217; in Gaelic. It is also known as &#8216;c\u00e8ol m\u00f2r&#8217; which means &#8216;great music&#8217;. Piobaireachd consists of a theme melody called the &#8216;ground&#8217; followed by variations. Later, the style of &#8216;light music,&#8217; including\u00a0<a title=\"Marches\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">marches<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Strathspeys\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strathspeys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strathspeys<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Reel (dance)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reel_(dance)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reels<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Jigs\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jigs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jigs<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Hornpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hornpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hornpipes<\/a>, became more popular. The British army adopted piping and spread the idea of\u00a0<a title=\"Pipe bands\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pipe_bands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pipe bands<\/a>\u00a0throughout the\u00a0British Empire. Presently, piping is closely tied to band and individual competitions, although pipers are also experimenting with new possibilities for the instrument. Other forms of bagpipes also exist in the Scottish tradition; they are detailed in the piping section below.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The piping tradition is strongly connected to Gaelic singing (some piping ornaments mimic the Gaelic consonants of the songs),\u00a0<a title=\"Stepdance (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Stepdance&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stepdance<\/a>\u00a0(the traditional dance meters determine the rhythm of the tunes), and\u00a0<a title=\"Fiddle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiddle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fiddle<\/a>, which appeared in Scotland in the 17th century. These components are part of the\u00a0<a title=\"Dance music\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dance_music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dance music<\/a>\u00a0which is played across Scotland at country dances,\u00a0<a title=\"Ceilidh\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceilidh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ceilidhs<\/a>, Highland balls and frequently at\u00a0<a title=\"Weddings\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weddings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">weddings<\/a>. Group dances are performed to music provided typically by an ensemble, or\u00a0<a title=\"British dance band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_dance_band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dance band<\/a>, which may include\u00a0<a title=\"Fiddle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiddle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fiddle<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bagpipe<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Accordion\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accordion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">accordion<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Tin whistle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tin_whistle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tin whistle<\/a>, cello, keyboard and percussion. Many modern Scottish dance bands are becoming more lively and innovative, with influences from other types of music (most notably\u00a0jazz chord\u00a0structures) becoming noticeable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vocal music is also popular in the Scottish musical tradition. There are\u00a0<a title=\"Ballad\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ballads<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Lament\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lament\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laments<\/a>, generally sung by a lone singer with backing, or played on traditional instruments such as\u00a0<a title=\"Harp\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harp<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Fiddle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiddle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fiddle<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Accordion\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accordion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">accordion<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a title=\"Bagpipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagpipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bagpipes<\/a>. There are many traditional folk songs, which are generally melodic, haunting or rousing. These are often very specific to certain regions, and are performed today by a burgeoning variety of folk groups. Popular songs were originally produced by\u00a0music hall\u00a0performers such as\u00a0<a title=\"Harry Lauder\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Lauder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harry Lauder<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Will Fyffe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Will_Fyffe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Will Fyffe<\/a>\u00a0for the stage. More modern exponents of the style have included\u00a0<a title=\"Andy Stewart (musician)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Stewart_(musician)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy Stewart<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Glen Daly\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glen_Daly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Glen Daly<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Moira Anderson\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moira_Anderson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moira Anderson<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Kenneth McKellar (singer)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenneth_McKellar_(singer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kenneth McKellar<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Calum Kennedy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calum_Kennedy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Calum Kennedy<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Alexander Brothers\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Brothers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alexander Brothers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022 \u00a0Revival<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s5NIalcRcKo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-34953\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Sfolk.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Sfolk.jpg 198w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Sfolk-150x94.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the 20th century, collections like\u00a0<em>Last Leaves of Traditional Ballads and Ballad Airs<\/em>, collected by Reverend James Duncan and\u00a0<a title=\"Gavin Greig\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gavin_Greig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gavin Greig<\/a>, helped inspire the ensuing folk revival. These were followed by collectors like\u00a0<a title=\"Hamish Henderson\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamish_Henderson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hamish Henderson<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Calum McLean (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Calum_McLean&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Calum McLean<\/a>, both of whom worked with American musicologist\u00a0<a title=\"Alan Lomax\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alan_Lomax\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alan Lomax<\/a>. Earlier, the first Celtic music international star, James Scott Skinner, a fiddler known as the \u00abStrathspey King\u00bb, had gained fame with some very early recordings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Among the folk performers discovered by Henderson, McLean and Lomax was\u00a0<a title=\"Jeannie Robertson\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeannie_Robertson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jeannie Robertson<\/a>, who was brought to sing at the\u00a0<a title=\"Edinburgh Folk Festival\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edinburgh_Folk_Festival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">People&#8217;s Festival<\/a>\u00a0in Edinburgh in 1953. Across the Atlantic, in the United States, pop-folk groups like\u00a0<a title=\"The Weavers\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Weavers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Weavers<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Pete Seeger\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pete_Seeger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pete Seeger<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Woody Guthrie\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woody_Guthrie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Woody Guthrie<\/a>\u00a0were leading a folk revival; the singers at the 1951 People&#8217;s Festival,\u00a0<a title=\"John Strachan (singer)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Strachan_(singer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John Strachan<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Flora MacNeil\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flora_MacNeil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flora MacNeil<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Jimmy MacBeath\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_MacBeath\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jimmy MacBeath<\/a>\u00a0and others, began the Scottish revival.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Like many countries, Scotland underwent a\u00a0roots revival\u00a0in the 1960s, although arguably the music was never dead to &#8216;revive&#8217; it. Folk music had declined somewhat in popularity during the preceding generation, although performers like <strong>Jimmy Shand, Kenneth McKellar,<\/strong> and <strong>Moira Anderson<\/strong> still maintained an international following and mass market record sales, but numerous young Scots thought themselves separated from their country&#8217;s culture. A new wave of Scottish folk performers inspired by American traditionalists like Pete Seeger soon found its own heroes, including young singers <strong>Ray<\/strong> and <strong>Archie Fisher<\/strong> and <strong>Hamish Imlach<\/strong>, and, from the tradition, <strong>Jeannie Robertson<\/strong> and <strong>Jimmy MacBeath.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7HcttXzn7OY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-16003\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/W_binkies.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"255\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/W_binkies.gif 255w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/W_binkies-150x78.gif 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Scottish folk singing was revived by artists including\u00a0<a title=\"Ewan MacColl\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ewan_MacColl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ewan MacColl<\/a>, who founded one of the first folk clubs in Britain, singers\u00a0<a title=\"Alex Campbell (singer)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Campbell_(singer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alex Campbell<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Jean Redpath\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Redpath\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jean Redpath<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Hamish Imlach\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamish_Imlach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hamish Imlach<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Dick Gaughan\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dick_Gaughan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dick Gaughan<\/a>\u00a0and groups like\u00a0<a title=\"The Gaugers (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=The_Gaugers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Gaugers<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"The Corries\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Corries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Corries<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"The McCalmans\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_McCalmans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The McCalmans<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Ian Campbell Folk Group\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ian_Campbell_Folk_Group\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ian Campbell Folk Group<\/a>. Folk clubs boomed, with a strong Irish influence from\u00a0<a title=\"The Dubliners\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dubliners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Dubliners<\/a>. With Irish folk bands like\u00a0<a title=\"The Chieftains\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Chieftains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Chieftains<\/a>\u00a0finding widespread popularity, 60s Scottish musicians played in pipe bands and\u00a0<a title=\"Strathspey and Reel Society (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Strathspey_and_Reel_Society&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Strathspey and Reel Societies<\/a>. Musicologist\u00a0<a title=\"Frances Collinson (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Frances_Collinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Frances Collinson<\/a>\u00a0published\u00a0<em>The Traditional and National Music of Scotland<\/em>\u00a0in 1966 to surprising popular acclaim, as part of the burgeoning Scottish folk revival. Still, until the end of the 60s Scottish music was rarely heard in pubs or on the radio, though Irish traditional music was widespread. The Corries had established a fan-base, while the English band\u00a0<a title=\"Fairport Convention\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fairport_Convention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fairport Convention<\/a>\u00a0created a British\u00a0folk rock\u00a0scene that spread north in the form of\u00a0<a title=\"JSD Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSD_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">JSD Band<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Contraband (band)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contraband_(band)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contraband<\/a>. A more conventional approach was taken by\u00a0<a title=\"Andy Stewart (musician)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Stewart_(musician)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy Stewart<\/a>, Glen Daly and\u00a0<a title=\"The Alexander Brothers\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Alexander_Brothers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Alexander Brothers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022 \u00a01970s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Music had long been primarily a solo affair, until\u00a0<a title=\"The Clutha\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Clutha\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Clutha<\/a>, a\u00a0Glasgow-<a href=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/?p=15516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-52628\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/The-Whistlebinkies.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/The-Whistlebinkies.jpg 600w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/The-Whistlebinkies-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/The-Whistlebinkies-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/The-Whistlebinkies-400x400.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/a>based group, began solidifying the idea of a Celtic band, which eventually consisted of\u00a0<a title=\"Fiddle\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiddle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fiddle<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a title=\"Bagpipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagpipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pipes<\/a>\u00a0leading the\u00a0<a title=\"Melody\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">melody<\/a>, and bouzouki and guitar along with the vocals. Though The Clutha were the first modern band, earlier groups like The Exiles (with Bobby Campbell) had forged in that direction, adding instruments like the fiddle to vocal groups. Alongside The Clutha were other pioneering Glasgow bands, including\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Whistlebinkies\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Whistlebinkies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Whistlebinkies<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0and Aly Bain&#8217;s\u00a0<a title=\"The Boys of the Lough\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Boys_of_the_Lough\">The Boys of the Lough<\/a>, both largely instrumental. The Whistlebinkies were notable, along with\u00a0<a title=\"Alba\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alba<\/a>\u00a0and The Clutha, for experimenting with different varieties of bagpipes; Alba used\u00a0<a title=\"Great Highland Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Highland_Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Highland pipes<\/a>, The Whistlebinkies used reconstructed\u00a0<a title=\"Border pipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_pipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Border pipes<\/a>\u00a0and The Clutha used\u00a0<a title=\"Scottish smallpipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_smallpipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scottish smallpipes<\/a>\u00a0alongside Highlands.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Bert Jansch\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bert_Jansch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bert Jansch<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Davy Graham\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Davy_Graham\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Davy Graham<\/a>\u00a0took\u00a0blues\u00a0guitar and eastern influences into their music, and in the mid-1960s, the most popular group of the Scottish folk scene, the\u00a0<a title=\"Incredible String Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incredible_String_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Incredible String Band<\/a>, began their career in Clive&#8217;s Incredible Folk Club in Glasgow taking these influences a stage further. The next wave of bands, including\u00a0<a title=\"Silly Wizard\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silly_Wizard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silly Wizard<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"The Tannahill Weavers\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Tannahill_Weavers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Tannahill Weavers<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Battlefield Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battlefield_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Battlefield Band<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ossian (band)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ossian_(band)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ossian<\/a>\u00a0and Alba, featured prominent\u00a0<a title=\"Bagpipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagpipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bagpipers<\/a>, a trend which climaxed in the 1980s, when\u00a0<a title=\"Robin Morton\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robin_Morton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robin Morton<\/a>&#8216;s\u00a0<em><a title=\"A Controversy of Pipers (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A_Controversy_of_Pipers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Controversy of Pipers<\/a><\/em>\u00a0was released to great acclaim. By the end of the 1970s, lyrics in the Scottish Gaelic language were appearing in songs by\u00a0<a title=\"Na h-\u00d2ganaich\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Na_h-%C3%92ganaich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Na h-\u00d2ganaich<\/a>\u00a0and Ossian, with\u00a0<a title=\"Runrig\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Runrig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Runrig<\/a>&#8216;s\u00a0<em><a title=\"Play Gaelic\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Play_Gaelic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Play Gaelic<\/a><\/em>\u00a0in 1978 being the first major success for Gaelic-language Scottish folk.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Established Scottish folk club performers such as <strong>Archie Fisher, The Corries, Rab Noakes<\/strong>, and <strong>Gerry Rafferty<\/strong> in the \u2018Humblebums\u2019 with <strong>Billy Connolly<\/strong>, introduced more contemporary flavours to a traditional audience by writing and presenting their own new &#8216;folk&#8217; songs. <strong>Robin Williamson<\/strong>, and <strong>Mike Heron<\/strong> of The Incredible String Band also created new songs and music in an acoustic style, which while very different, remained sympathetic to traditional Scottish music and took the contemporary sound to a much wider folk crowd. It was <strong>the Corries<\/strong> however, who were to take Scottish folk music to its largest audience with a combination of atmospheric arrangements of older folk and new songs which connected the Scotland of the past with Scotland of today.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A growing taste for new songs in the 70s and 80s, sometimes justified as reminiscent of the original roots of folk music, saw some Scottish folk performers move to concentrate entirely on new self penned songs. Established Scots song writers <strong>Bennie Gallagher<\/strong> and <strong>Graham Lyle<\/strong>, who had a UK hit with <strong>McGuinness Flint,<\/strong> performed as a successful duo throughout the 1970s presenting strong new songs which were often covered by mainstream pop artists. Guitarist and songsmith, English born adopted Scot, <strong>John Martyn<\/strong>, who started his professional career under the guidance of <strong>Hamish Imlach<\/strong>, [ref: Ed: Colin Larkin:The Guinness who\u2019s who of Folk Music], together with <strong>Gerry Rafferty<\/strong>, and Gallaher and Lyle inspired a whole new wave of Scots singer songwriters. <strong>Dougie MacLean<\/strong> emerged from his roots in traditional bands such as Puddocks Well, and Tannahill Weavers, and carved a successful solo career as a singer songwriter, with his own record label producing some of Scotland&#8217;s best known pieces including <em>\u201cThe Geal\u201d<\/em> and <em>\u201cCaledonia\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Early 80s duo\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.findask.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Findask<\/a>,<\/strong> toured extensively playing self penned original songs in a traditional framework. Their melodies and arrangements were often catchy and complex, while Willie Lindsay\u2019s lyrics, revealed their Glasgow roots, but were appreciated by contemporary reviewers, as witty and literate. <strong>Willie Lindsay<\/strong> and <strong>Stuart Campbell<\/strong> recorded four albums of original songs throughout the 1980s tackling Scottish issues big and small from \u201cIndependence Day\u201d to elated football emotions <em>\u201cGoing to Hampden\u201d<\/em>. [ref:Ed: Colin Larkin: The Guinness who\u2019s who of Folk Music: ]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a4\u00a0 Instruments<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-52632 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/accordian-accordion-clipart-252_212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"114\" height=\"96\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/accordian-accordion-clipart-252_212.jpg 252w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/accordian-accordion-clipart-252_212-150x126.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 114px) 100vw, 114px\" \/>\u2022 \u00a0Accordion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Though often derided as Scottish kitsch, the accordion has long been a part of Scottish music.\u00a0<a title=\"Scottish country dance\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_country_dance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Country dance<\/a>\u00a0bands, such as that led by the renowned\u00a0<a title=\"Jimmy Shand\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Shand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jimmy Shand<\/a>, have helped to dispel this image. In the early 20th century, the melodeon (a variety of\u00a0<a title=\"Diatonic button accordion\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diatonic_button_accordion\">diatonic button accordion<\/a>) was popular among rural folk, and was part of the\u00a0<a title=\"Bothy band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bothy_band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bothy band<\/a>\u00a0tradition. More recently, performers like\u00a0<a title=\"Phil Cunningham (folk musician)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phil_Cunningham_(folk_musician)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Phil Cunningham<\/a>\u00a0(of\u00a0<a title=\"Silly Wizard\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silly_Wizard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silly Wizard<\/a>) and\u00a0<a title=\"Sandy Brechin\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandy_Brechin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sandy Brechin<\/a>\u00a0have helped popularise the accordion in Scottish music.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022\u00a0Bagpipes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_v2XMXUB8Q4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-34766\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/bagpipes.jpg\" alt=\"bagpipes\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/bagpipes.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/bagpipes-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Though bagpipes are closely associated with Scotland by many outsiders, the instrument (or, more precisely,\u00a0<em>family<\/em>\u00a0of instruments) is found throughout large swathes of Europe, North Africa and South Asia. The most common bagpipe heard in modern Scottish music is the\u00a0<a title=\"Great Highland Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Highland_Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Highland Bagpipe<\/a>, which was spread by the Highland regiments of the British Army. Historically, numerous other bagpipes existed, and many of them have been recreated in the last half-century.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The classical music of the\u00a0<a title=\"Great Highland Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Highland_Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Great Highland Bagpipe<\/a>\u00a0is called\u00a0<a title=\"P\u00ecobaireachd\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%ACobaireachd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">P\u00ecobaireachd<\/a>, which consists of a first movement called the\u00a0<em>urlar<\/em>\u00a0(in English, the &#8216;ground&#8217; movement,) which establishes a theme. The theme is then developed in a series of movements, growing increasingly complex each time. After the\u00a0<em>urlar<\/em>there is usually a number of variations and doublings of the variations. Then comes the\u00a0<em>taorluath<\/em>movement and variation and the\u00a0<em>crunluath<\/em>\u00a0movement, continuing with the underlying theme. This is usually followed by a variation of the crunluath, usually the\u00a0<em>crunluath a mach<\/em>\u00a0(other variations:<em>crunluath breabach<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>crunluath fosgailte<\/em>)\u00a0; the piece closes with a return to the\u00a0<em>urlar<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bagpipe competitions are common in Scotland, for both solo pipers and pipe bands. Competitive solo piping is currently popular among many aspiring pipers, some of whom travel from as far as Australia to attend Scottish competitions. Other pipers have chosen to explore more creative usages of the instrument. Different types of bagpipes have also seen a resurgence since the 70s, as the historical\u00a0<a title=\"Border pipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_pipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">border pipes<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Scottish smallpipes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_smallpipes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scottish smallpipes<\/a>\u00a0have been resuscitated and now attract a thriving alternative piping community.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The\u00a0<a title=\"Pipe band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pipe_band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pipe band<\/a>\u00a0is another common format for highland piping, with top competitive bands including the<a title=\"Victoria Police Pipe Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_Police_Pipe_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Victoria Police Pipe Band<\/a>\u00a0from Australia (formerly),\u00a0<a title=\"Northern Ireland\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northern Ireland<\/a>&#8216;s\u00a0<a title=\"Field Marshal Montgomery\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Field_Marshal_Montgomery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Field Marshal Montgomery<\/a>, Canada&#8217;s\u00a0<a title=\"78th Fraser Highlanders Pipe Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/78th_Fraser_Highlanders_Pipe_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">78th Fraser Highlanders Pipe Band<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Simon Fraser University Pipe Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simon_Fraser_University_Pipe_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Simon Fraser University Pipe Band<\/a>, and Scottish bands like\u00a0<a title=\"Shotts and Dykehead Pipe Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shotts_and_Dykehead_Pipe_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shotts and Dykehead Pipe Band<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Strathclyde Police Pipe Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strathclyde_Police_Pipe_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Strathclyde Police Pipe Band<\/a>. These bands, as well as many others, compete in numerous pipe band competitions, often the\u00a0<a title=\"World Pipe Band Championships\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Pipe_Band_Championships\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Pipe Band Championships<\/a>, and sometimes perform in public concerts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022\u00a0Fiddle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Scottish traditional fiddling encompasses a number of regional styles,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PrhcwVuB3yQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-52633\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/fiddle.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"155\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/fiddle.jpg 270w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/fiddle-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/fiddle-115x150.jpg 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><\/a> including the\u00a0<a title=\"Bagpipe\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagpipe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bagpipe<\/a>-inflected west Highlands, the upbeat and lively style of Norse-influenced\u00a0<a title=\"Shetland Islands\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shetland_Islands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shetland Islands<\/a>\u00a0and the Strathspey and slow airs of the North-East. The instrument arrived late in the 17th century, and is first mentioned in 1680 in a document from\u00a0<a title=\"Newbattle Abbey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newbattle_Abbey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newbattle Abbey<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a title=\"Midlothian\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midlothian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Midlothian<\/a>,\u00a0<em>Lessones For Ye Violin<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the 18th century, Scottish fiddling is said to have reached new heights. Fiddlers like\u00a0<a title=\"William Marshall (Scottish composer)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Marshall_(Scottish_composer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">William Marshall<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Niel Gow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niel_Gow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Niel Gow<\/a>\u00a0were legends across Scotland, and the first collections of fiddle tunes were published in mid-century. The most famous and useful of these collections was a series published by\u00a0<a title=\"Nathaniel Gow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nathaniel_Gow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nathaniel Gow<\/a>, one of Niel&#8217;s sons, and a fine fiddler and composer in his own right. Classical composers such as\u00a0<a title=\"Charles McLean (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Charles_McLean&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charles McLean<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"James Oswald (composer)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Oswald_(composer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">James Oswald<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"William McGibbon\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_McGibbon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">William McGibbon<\/a>\u00a0used Scottish fiddling traditions in their\u00a0Baroque\u00a0compositions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Scottish fiddling is the root of much American folk music, such as Appalachian fiddling, but is most directly represented in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, an island on the east coast of Canada, which received some 25,000 emigrants from the Scottish Highlands during the Highland Clearances of 1780\u20131850. Cape Breton musicians such as\u00a0<a title=\"Natalie MacMaster\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natalie_MacMaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Natalie MacMaster<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ashley MacIsaac\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashley_MacIsaac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ashley MacIsaac<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Jerry Holland (fiddler)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerry_Holland_(fiddler)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jerry Holland<\/a>\u00a0have brought their music to a worldwide audience, building on the traditions of master fiddlers such as\u00a0<a title=\"Buddy MacMaster\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddy_MacMaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddy MacMaster<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Winston Fitzgerald\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Fitzgerald\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Winston Scotty Fitzgerald<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Among native Scots,\u00a0<a title=\"Aly Bain\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aly_Bain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aly Bain<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Alasdair Fraser\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alasdair_Fraser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alasdair Fraser<\/a>\u00a0are two of the most accomplished, following in the footsteps of influential 20th century players such as\u00a0<a title=\"James Scott Skinner\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Scott_Skinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">James Scott Skinner<\/a>, Hector MacAndrew, Angus Grant and\u00a0<a title=\"Tom Anderson (fiddler)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom_Anderson_(fiddler)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tom Anderson<\/a>\u00a0Iain MacFarlane, Catriona MacDonald, Eilidh Steel, Jenna Reid. The growing number of young professional Scottish fiddlers makes a complete list impossible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Annual Scots Fiddle Festival which runs each November showcases the great fiddling tradition and talent in Scotland.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-52636\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/guitar.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"107\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/guitar.jpg 540w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/guitar-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/guitar-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/guitar-400x400.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 107px) 100vw, 107px\" \/>\u2022 \u00a0Guitar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The history of the guitar in traditional music is recent, as is that of the\u00a0<a title=\"Cittern\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cittern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cittern<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Bouzouki\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouzouki\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bouzouki<\/a>, which in the forms used in Scottish and Irish music only date to the late 1960s. The guitar featured prominently in the folk revival of the early 1960s with the likes of\u00a0<a title=\"Archie Fisher\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archie_Fisher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Archie Fisher<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"The Corries\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Corries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Corries<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Hamish Imlach\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamish_Imlach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hamish Imlach<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Robin Hall\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robin_Hall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robin Hall<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Jimmie MacGregor\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmie_MacGregor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jimmie MacGregor<\/a>. The virtuoso playing of\u00a0<a title=\"Bert Jansch\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bert_Jansch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bert Jansch<\/a>\u00a0was widely influential, and the range of instruments was widened by the\u00a0<a title=\"Incredible String Band\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incredible_String_Band\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Incredible String Band<\/a>. Notable artists include\u00a0<a title=\"Tony McManus (musician)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_McManus_(musician)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony McManus<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Dave MacIsaac\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dave_MacIsaac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dave MacIsaac<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Peerie Willie Johnson\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peerie_Willie_Johnson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Peerie Willie Johnson<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Dick Gaughan\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dick_Gaughan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dick Gaughan<\/a>. Other notable guitarists in Scottish music scene include\u00a0<a title=\"Kris Drever\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kris_Drever\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kris Drever<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a title=\"Fine Friday (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Fine_Friday&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fine Friday<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Lau (band)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lau_(band)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lau<\/a>, and Ross Martin of\u00a0<a title=\"Cliar (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Cliar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cliar<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Daimh (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Daimh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daimh<\/a>\u00a0and Harem Scarem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022 \u00a0Harp<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=btGlyz-J4w8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-34768\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/clarsach.png\" alt=\"clarsach\" width=\"131\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/clarsach.png 131w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/clarsach-98x150.png 98w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 131px) 100vw, 131px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Material evidence suggests that lyres and\/or harp, or\u00a0<a title=\"Clarsach\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarsach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarsach<\/a>, has a long and ancient history in Scotland, with\u00a0<a title=\"Iron Age\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iron_Age\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iron Age<\/a>\u00a0lyres dating from 2300BC.\u00a0The harp was regarded as the national instrument until it was replaced with the Highland bagpipes in the 15th century.\u00a0Stone carvings in the East of Scotland support the theory that the harp was present in\u00a0<a title=\"Picts\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Picts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pictish<\/a>\u00a0Scotland well before the 9th century and may have been the original ancestor of the modern European harp and even formed the basis for Scottish pibroch, the folk bagpipe tradition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Cl\u00e0rsach (<a title=\"Scottish Gaelic language\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_Gaelic_language\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gd.<\/a>) or Cl\u00e1irseach (<a title=\"Irish language\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_language\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ga.<\/a>) is the name given to the wire-strung\u00a0<a title=\"Harp\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harp<\/a>\u00a0of either Scotland or Ireland. The word begins to appear by the end of the 14th century. Until the end of the\u00a0<a title=\"Middle Ages\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Middle_Ages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Middle Ages<\/a>\u00a0it was the most popular musical instrument in Scotland, and harpers were among the most prestigious cultural figures in the courts of Irish\/Scottish chieftains and Scottish kings and earls. In both countries, harpers enjoyed special rights and played a crucial part in ceremonial occasions such as coronations and poetic\u00a0<a title=\"Bardic\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bardic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bardic<\/a>\u00a0recitals. The\u00a0<a title=\"Kings of Scotland\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kings_of_Scotland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kings of Scotland<\/a>\u00a0employed harpers until the end of the Middle Ages, and they feature prominently in royal\u00a0<a title=\"Iconography\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iconography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iconography<\/a>. Several Clarsach players were noted at the Battle of the Standard (1138), and when Alexander III (died 1286) visited London in 1278, his court minstrels with him, records show payments were made to one Elyas, \u00abKing of Scotland&#8217;s harper.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Three medieval Gaelic harps survived into the modern period, two from Scotland (the Queen Mary Harp and the Lamont Harp) and one in Ireland (the Brian Boru harp), although artistic evidence suggests that all three were probably made in the western Highlands.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The playing of this Gaelic harp with wire strings died out in Scotland in the 18th century and in Ireland in the early 19th century. As part of the late 19th century Gaelic revival, the instruments used differed greatly from the old wire-strung harps. The new instruments had gut strings, and their construction and playing style was based on the larger orchestral pedal harp. Nonetheless the name \u00abcl\u00e0rsach\u00bb was and is still used in Scotland today to describe these new instruments. The modern gut-strung cl\u00e0rsach has thousands of players, both in Scotland and Ireland, as well as North America and elsewhere. The 1931 formation of the\u00a0<a title=\"Clarsach Society (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Clarsach_Society&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clarsach Society<\/a>\u00a0kickstarted the modern harp renaissance. Recent harp players include\u00a0<a title=\"Savourna Stevenson\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Savourna_Stevenson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Savourna Stevenson<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Maggie MacInnes\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggie_MacInnes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Maggie MacInnes<\/a>, and the band\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Sileas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e-ikZUaTgYQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sileas<\/a><\/strong>. Notable events include the\u00a0<a title=\"Edinburgh International Harp Festival (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Edinburgh_International_Harp_Festival&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Edinburgh International Harp Festival<\/a>, which recently staged the world record for the largest number of harpists to play at the same time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022\u00a0Tin whistle<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2VCuwkpUUuc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-39354\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Penny_w.jpg\" alt=\"Penny_w\" width=\"208\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Penny_w.jpg 208w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Penny_w-150x89.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the oldest tin whistles still in existence is the Tusculum whistle, found with pottery dating to the 14th and 15th centuries; it is currently in the collection of the\u00a0<a title=\"Museum of Scotland\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Museum_of_Scotland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Museum of Scotland<\/a>. Today the whistle is a very common instrument in recorded Scottish music. Although few well-known performers choose the tin whistle as their principal instrument, it is quite common for pipers, flute players, and other musicians to play the whistle as well.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u03c6\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ehow.com\/info_8188434_scottish-percussion-instruments.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scottish Percussion Instruments<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Scottish percussion instruments adhere by and large to Celtic musical traditions. Many of these instruments, such as the Bodhr\u00e1n, originated in Ireland and beyond and found their way to Scotland through cultural exchange. As with percussive instruments from all regions of the earth, Scottish percussion instruments serve rhythmic or melodic purposes. Drums and other instruments figure in various historical purposes, from celebrations of culture and clan to harbingers of battle. In contemporary times, percussive instruments serve a distinctly traditional role.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bodhr\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z2XzyQwXnj8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-35063\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/bodhran.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"118\" height=\"88\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Celtic percussive instrument, the Bodhr\u00e1n originated in Ireland. This basic drum exhibits structural similarities to a number of basic drums found in African and Asian cultures. The Bodhr\u00e1n consists of a simple wooden frame with a goatskin, sheepskin or greyhound skin head. Contemporary makers of the instrument use hide from animals such as reindeer, buffalo, elk and deer. Bodhr\u00e1n makers buried skins for six to eight weeks as a means of preparation. Percussive musicians used a double-headed stick known as a cip\u00edn, tipper, or beater to produce sound from the drum.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Other Drums<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Two types of drums commonly accompany bagpipe players. Though not unique to Scotland, these percussive instruments figure prominently in traditional Scottish music. The snare drum keeps a marching, military cadence in compliment with bagpipes. A side-hit drum, or a large bass drum strapped to the chest of the player, provides the basic meter for the rhythm and pace of the bagpipes. When used in military parades or other traditional festivities, the bass drum dictates the pace of the walking or marching.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bones, another traditionally Irish instrument that found its way into Celtic Scottish traditions, is exactly what it sounds. This percussive, rhythmic instrument accompanies melodic instruments as a musical accoutrement and never comprises a central instrument in an arrangement. Online resource Celtic Musical Instruments likens bones, which consist of either a pair of cow ribs or thick, dry sticks clapped together, to castanets. Players hold both of the bones or sticks in one hand and click them together by snapping the wrist.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Hammer Dulcimer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The hammer dulcimer is a melodic, stringed percussive instrument common to many folk traditions throughout the world. The instrument comprises a trapezoidal piece of wood with pegs bored into it. These pegs hold strings in much the same manner that guitars do. Despite this similarity to stringed instruments, the hammer dulcimer is played with a hammer or mallet, not the hands. Players hit the strings of the dulcimer with a mallet to create the tones.<\/p>\n<h6 id=\"watch-headline-title\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u25ca\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/www.streetdirectory.com\/lyricadvisor\/song\/cojfaf\/mouth_music\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scottish Mouth Music<\/a>\u00a0 \u21d0\u00a0Dolores Keane &amp; John Faulkner<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l0mypcwk2M4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46164\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Albannach1.jpg\" alt=\"Albannach\" width=\"283\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Albannach1.jpg 283w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Albannach1-150x63.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h6>\u2207\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?203&amp;v=CPzsmWMCMoc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Gael\u00a0<\/a> \u21d3<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ikQXY4qnFNs\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bpdXro0C2Os\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/?p=5308\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ALBANNACH\u00a0<\/a> \u00a0&#8211;\u00a0 \u03a6 \u00a0Hooligan&#8217;s Holiday\u00a0 \u21d3<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K0fgWtO23sM\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 id=\"watch-headline-title\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0394\u00a0 Mountains of Scotland: \u00a0Nevis &amp; Glencoe \u00a0\u2022\u00a0<strong><strong>\u2022\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=376&amp;v=0jcaXkt1Frw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Part 1\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fKT4IfDg8I8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Part 2 <\/a>\u00a0\u21d4 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s8nZjiGDnZI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Part 3<\/a>\u2190\u2022<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2666\u2192 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uFubsxHTApw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danny Bhoy\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 Visitor&#8217;s Guide to Scotland<\/a>\u00a0 \u21d0<\/h6>\n<h6 class=\"js-clip_title\">\u2666 \u00a0Visit Scotland with Neil Oliver \u00a0\u21d3<\/h6>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/41765700\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b6 \u00a0700 years since the battle of Banockburn \u00a0(24 June 1314)\u00a0a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/blighty\/2014\/09\/scotlands-referendum-result\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>referendum<\/strong> for Scottish independence<\/a>\u00a0has just\u00a0taken place: after an unprecedented voter turnout of just under 85 percent, <strong>55.3<\/strong> percent were against independence to <strong>44.7<\/strong> percent in favor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Battle of <strong>Bannockburn<\/strong> (Blr Allt a&#8217; Bhonnaich in Scottish Gaelic) was the decisive battle in the First War\u00a0of Scottish Independence. Edward came to Scotland in the high summer of 1314 with the preliminary aim of relieving Stirling Castle: the real purpose, of course, was to find and destroy the Scottish army in the field, and thus end the war.\u00a0England sent a\u00a0a grand feudal army,\u00a0comprising more than 2,000 horse and 16,000 foot.\u00a0The precise size relative to the Scottish forces is unclear but estimates range from as much as at least two or three times the size of the army Bruce had been able to gather, to as little as only 50% larger. . . \u00a0It\u00a0was chiefly composed of infantry armed with long spears, and divided into three main (infantry) formations, a force of light cavalry, and the camp followers .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/2014\/09\/19\/scotland-independence-referendum-837898067\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-43008 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/bannockburn.jpg\" alt=\"bannockburn\" width=\"216\" height=\"89\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/bannockburn.jpg 216w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/bannockburn-150x61.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/a>There now occurred one of the most memorable episodes in Scottish history. Henry de Bohun, nephew of the Earl of Hereford, was riding ahead of his companions when he caught sight of the Scottish king. De Bohun lowered his lance and began a charge that carried him to lasting fame. King Robert was mounted on a small palfrey and armed only with a battle-axe. He had no armour on. As de Bohun&#8217;s great war-horse thundered towards him, he stood his ground, watched with mounting anxiety by his own army. With the Englishman only feet away, Bruce turned aside, stood in his stirrups and hit the knight so hard with his axe that he split his helmet and head in two. This small incident became in a larger sense a symbol of the war itself: the one side heavily armed but lacking agility; the other highly mobile and open to opportunity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If you&#8217;re travelling to Scotland it may be worth learning some of these words. They are heard everywhere, and most of them have been included in the corpus of modern English vocabulary.<\/p>\n<p> \u2190Wauk yer wits <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u2022\u2192wikihow.com\/Understand-Scottish-Slang\u2190<\/p>\n<p> \u2193 Caa canny! <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p> \u2022\u2192Kenneth MacNeill _ Highland clearances \u21d0 <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: [...] \n\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":2876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[180],"tags":[102,201,233],"class_list":["post-8339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vid","tag-lyrics","tag-link","tag-bonnie","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8339"}],"version-history":[{"count":186,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54358,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8339\/revisions\/54358"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}