{"id":2588,"date":"2015-04-19T12:10:17","date_gmt":"2015-04-19T12:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/?p=2588"},"modified":"2021-03-20T21:11:18","modified_gmt":"2021-03-20T21:11:18","slug":"discourse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/?p=2588","title":{"rendered":"Discourse"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">The\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Discourse-principles.doc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">THREE DISCOURSE PRINCIPLES<\/a>\u00a0\u2190[Advanced]<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>\u2022\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/sana.aalto.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/infostrux\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">INFORMATION ORDERING<\/a>\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sana.aalto.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/infostrux\/light\/exercises\/5x.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[<strong>quiz<\/strong>]<\/a>\u00a0\u2190<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.londonmet.ac.uk\/TLTC\/connorj\/WritingGroups\/Writing\/5%20discourse%20markers-signposts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-32272\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/signpost.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"283\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-17204\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/K_Beare.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"86\" height=\"86\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022\u00a0Here&#8217;s a great lesson on\u00a0\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/Discourse-markers_KB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>DISCOURSE MARKERS\u2190<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0courtesy of\u00a0<strong>Kenneth Beare<\/strong>, an ESL teacher, trainer, and content developer. He provides consulting services for English language learning projects through\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/englishfeed.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Englishfeed<\/a>, as well as being the founder of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lingofeeds.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lingofeeds<\/a>, dedicated to English for specific professions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u2022\u00a0 Discourse markers are not used exclusively in writing. Click on\u00a0\u2192<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"><a title=\"discourse markers\" href=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Linking-dialogs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SIGN MARKS\u2190<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u00a0to see some examples of discourse markers frequently heard in\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">speech<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u00a0Two m\/c tests on <strong>DISCOURSE MARKERS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u21d2<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/discourse-markers_mc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[quiz 01]<\/a>\u21d4\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltbase.com\/quiz\/543_01.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[quiz 02]<\/a>\u21d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>\u2022\u2192<b><a href=\"http:\/\/gordonscruton.blogspot.com.es\/2011\/08\/what-is-cohesion-coherence-cambridge.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cohesion &amp; Coherence<\/a><\/b>\u21d0<\/b><\/h5>\n<p>\u2022\u2192<strong><a title=\"Paragraph writing\" href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Paragraph-writing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paragraph writing<\/a> \u21d0<\/strong>[Kenneth Beare]<a title=\"Kenneth Beare's\" href=\"http:\/\/esl.about.com\/od\/writingintermediate\/a\/paragraphs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u2022\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/sana.aalto.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/topsen\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TOPIC SENTENCES<\/a>\u2190<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00b6 \u00a0IELTS paragraph heading matching:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"color: #000000; text-align: right;\">&#8230;\u21d2<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ieltsbuddy.com\/paragraph-headings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[01]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ieltsbuddy.com\/ielts-paragraph-headings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[02]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/howibeattheielts.blogspot.com.es\/2011\/05\/headings-in-ielts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[03]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.englishlearner.com\/advanced\/reading-comprehension-paragraph-headings-henie-1.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[04]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.english-online.org.uk\/ieltsfolder\/readac1.php?name=Academic%20Reading%201&amp;fun=startReadRequest%28%29&amp;spt=readac1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[05]<\/a> \u21d0<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/esl.about.com\/od\/grammarstructures\/a\/g_emphasis.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-32595\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/emphasis.jpg\" alt=\"emphasis\" width=\"170\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/emphasis.jpg 170w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/emphasis-150x99.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u2190\u00a0 Yet another advanced\u00a0lesson by Kenneth Beare, illustrating various ways of adding<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> emphasis:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2248 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.grammaring.com\/cleft-sentences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cleft sentences<\/a> <strong>\u00a0\u21d0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u2192\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.grammaring.com\/pseudo-cleft-sentences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pseudo-cleft sentences<\/a>\u00a0\u2248<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Online quizzes &#8230; \u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.grammar-quizzes.com\/sent-cleft.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u21d2[01]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltbase.com\/quiz\/205_01.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[02]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.carmenlu.com\/sixth\/grammar\/cleft-sentences6-1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[03]<\/a> \u21d0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.islcollective.com\/resources\/printables\/worksheets_doc_docx\/cleft_sentences\/cleft-sentences-transports\/24959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cleft Sentences worksheet<\/a> \u21d0(downloadable)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eoisantander.org\/alfonsohinojosa\/curso5\/ejercicios\/grammar\/rephrasing\/5_1_rephrasing_cleft.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rephrasing \u2013 Cleft Sentences<\/a> \u21d0(gap-fill exercise)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2207 \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/worldservice\/learningenglish\/grammar\/learnit\/learnitv149.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cleft\u00a0<\/a>&amp;\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Pseudo-cleft sentences &#8230;<strong>\u00a0\u21d0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 1px solid #CCC; border-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;\" src=\"\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/9569602\" width=\"510\" height=\"420\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"> <\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u221e \u00a0Word-partnerships<\/strong>\u00a0to emphasize a point \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/grammar-teacher.com\/emphasis-collocations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u21d2<\/a><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/grammar-teacher.com\/emphasis-collocations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[01]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4<a href=\"http:\/\/grammar-teacher.com\/more-emphasis-collocations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[02]\u21d0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a4 \u00a0Intensifier + Verb Collocations = Emphatic Expression:<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8211; We <b>categorically deny<\/b> any involvement in the scandal.<br \/>\n&#8211; I <b>deeply regret<\/b> the loss of your loved one.<br \/>\n&#8211; I <b>enthusiastically endorse<\/b> the local cancer society.<br \/>\n&#8211; We <b>freely appreciate<\/b> the current difficulties in this market.<br \/>\n&#8211; I <b>fully recognize<\/b> your need to improve your career.<br \/>\n&#8211; I <b>honestly believe<\/b> he is telling the truth.<br \/>\n&#8211; We&#8217;d like to <b>positively encourage<\/b> you to buy this stock.<br \/>\n&#8211; Our company <b>readily endorses<\/b> his run for office.<br \/>\n&#8211; I <b>sincerely hope<\/b> you are able to find employment soon.<br \/>\n&#8211; I&#8217;d like to <b>strongly recommend<\/b> you visit an employment specialist.<br \/>\n&#8211; They <b>totally reject<\/b> any compromise in these negotiations.<br \/>\n&#8211; I&#8217;m afraid I <b>utterly refuse<\/b> to believe anything he says.<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u221e Using \u21d2 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.engvid.com\/identical-pairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00abidentical pairs\u00bb<\/a> \u21d0 to emphasize your point &#8230;<\/h6>\n<div id=\"watch-description-text\">\n<p id=\"watch-headline-title\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>&#8230;\u00bbAT ALL!\u00bb \u2193<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.engvid.com\/at-all\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How to make a strong point in English!<\/a>\u00a0\u2190[quiz]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yvHxhLdK3s4\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/ELLIPSIS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-52652\" src=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"118\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor.jpg 880w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor-296x300.jpg 296w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor-768x779.jpg 768w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor-148x150.jpg 148w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scissor-400x406.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 118px) 100vw, 118px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ELLIPSIS:<\/span><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"Ellipsis\" href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/ELLIPSIS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u2190Ellipsis<\/a>\u00a0is a distinctive feature of speech (= spoken language).\u00a0Here is a guidance about when to use ellipsis in\u00a0informal speech.<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0&#8211; Practice for low levels:\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/notes-messages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Notes &amp; messages\u21d0<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><strong>\u2660\u00a0Elliptical Clauses \u00a0\u2193<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Elliptical Clauses<\/b>\u00a0are grammatically incomplete in the sense that they are missing either the relative pronoun (dependent word) that normally introduces such a clause or something from the predicate in the second part of a comparison. The missing parts of the elliptical clause can be guessed from the context and most readers are not aware that anything is missing. In fact, elliptical clauses are regarded as both useful and correct, even in formal prose, because they are often elegant, efficient means of expression. (The omitted words are noted in brackets below).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Coach Espinoza knew [that] this team would be the best [that] she had coached in recent years.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Though [they were] sometimes nervous on the court, her recruits proved to be hard workers.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Sometimes the veterans knew the recruits could play better than they [could play].<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>If (you are) in doubt, ask at your local library.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u2022\u2192 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pearsonlongman.com\/dictionaries\/pdfs\/speaking-writing-crystal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">David Crystal: \u00abSpeaking of Writing and Writing of Speaking\u00bb<\/a>\u21d0<\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"http:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Written-and-spoken-English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-45367\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/speak_write.jpg\" alt=\"speak_write\" width=\"284\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/speak_write.jpg 720w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/speak_write-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/speak_write-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/speak_write-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/a><\/h6>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u221e \u00a0Link Words<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u221e \u00a0Linkers &amp; connectors &#8230;\u00a0<\/strong>\u21d2<strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/6888756\/DISCOURSE_MARKERS_CONNECTORS_A_LIST_OF_DISCOURSE_MARKERS_WITH_EXAMPLES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[01&#8230;]<\/a>\u00a0<strong><strong>\u21d4<strong><strong><strong><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/englishbites\/useful-argumentative-essay-words-and-phrases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[02&#8230;]<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>\u21d0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a4 Quizzes<\/strong>&#8230; \u21d2<a href=\"http:\/\/www.englishexercises.org\/makeagame\/viewgame.asp?id=1792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0[01]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.englishexercises.org\/makeagame\/viewgame.asp?id=5348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[02]<\/a>\u00a0\u21d4\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tolearnenglish.com\/exercises\/exercise-english-2\/exercise-english-91807.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[03]<\/a>\u21d0 (<strong>Addition,<\/strong> <strong>Contrast, Cause <\/strong>&amp;<strong> Result)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ielts-yasi.englishlab.net\/COHESIVE_DISCOURSE_MARKERS.htm#3. Talking about Similarity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-45296\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transitionwords.jpg\" alt=\"transitionwords\" width=\"253\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transitionwords.jpg 350w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transitionwords-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transitionwords-150x116.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<address style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/sana.aalto.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/signposts\/additive\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Additive connectors\u2190<\/a> \u00a0\/ \u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/sana.aalto.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/signposts\/contrast\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contrastive connectors<\/a>\u2190 \/\u00a0\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/sana.aalto.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/signposts\/cause\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Causative connectors<\/a>\u2190<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sana.tkk.fi\/awe\/cohesion\/signposts\/contrast\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/address>\n<h6><strong>\u221e\u00a0\u2192\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/student.unsw.edu.au\/transition-signals-writing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TRANSITION WORDS<\/a>\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 .\u00a0 \u21d0<a href=\"http:\/\/ielts-yasi.englishlab.net\/COHESIVE_DISCOURSE_MARKERS.htm#9. Adding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-45301\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/link.jpg\" alt=\"link\" width=\"127\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/link.jpg 480w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/link-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/link-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/link-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u2022\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/grammar-teacher.com\/effective-presentations-stating-your-purpose\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grammar-teacher.com\/effective-<strong>presentations<\/strong>-stating-your-purpose<\/a>\u21d0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u2022\u2192<a href=\"http:\/\/grammar-teacher.com\/asking-a-speaker-for-clarification-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grammar-teacher.com\/<strong>asking-<\/strong>a-speaker-for-<strong>clarification<\/strong><\/a>\u21d0<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a4 Presentation Signpost Expressions &#8230;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/janinakuh.tripod.com\/sitebuildercontent\/sitebuilderfiles\/pressignposts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u21d2[01]\u00a0<\/a>\u21d4 [<a href=\"http:\/\/grammar-teacher.com\/presentations-signposting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">02]\u21d0<\/a><\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/msu.edu\/user\/jdowell\/135\/transw.html#anchor1704933\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-45295\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transb.png\" alt=\"transb\" width=\"190\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transb.png 190w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/transb-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 190px) 100vw, 190px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a9 Adverb Clauses <\/strong><\/h6>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.towson.edu\/ows\/conjunctions.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-45300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/conjunctions.png\" alt=\"conjunctions\" width=\"350\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/conjunctions.png 640w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/conjunctions-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/conjunctions-150x96.png 150w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/conjunctions-400x257.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2663 \u00a0There are <strong>three<\/strong> different types of conjunctions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022 Coordinating conjunctions<\/strong> hook up two equal items so it could be two sentences, two items in a list, two adjectives describing the same noun whatever it is when you look on either side of a coordinating conjunction the side should be equal \u00a0_ \u00a0 \u00bb<strong>for&#8217;, &#8216;and&#8217;, &#8216;nor&#8217;, &#8216;but&#8217;, &#8216;or&#8217;, &#8216;yet&#8217;\u00a0<\/strong>and<strong>\u00a0&#8216;so&#8217;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.englishclub.com\/grammar\/conjunctions-coordinating.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-45297 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/coordinating-conjunctions.jpg\" alt=\"coordinating-conjunctions\" width=\"255\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/coordinating-conjunctions.jpg 255w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/coordinating-conjunctions-150x112.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u2022 Correlative conjunctions<\/strong>\u00a0function much like coordinating conjunctions, but they come in pairs: they&#8217;re still going to hook up to equal items but they&#8217;re going to do it using two words, things like &#8216;<strong>either &#8230; or&#8217;, &#8216;not only &#8230; but also&#8217;, &#8216;both &#8230; and&#8217;<\/strong>. So you could say \u00ab<em>either<\/em> this <em>or<\/em> that\u00bb, \u00ab<em>not only<\/em> this <em>but also<\/em> that\u00bb, \u00ab<em>both<\/em>\u00a0this <em>and<\/em> that\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.english-for-students.com\/Correlative-Conjunctions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-45298\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/corrrelativeC.jpg\" alt=\"corrrelativeC\" width=\"255\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/corrrelativeC.jpg 255w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/corrrelativeC-150x112.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 And then the final type,\u00a0<strong>subordinating conjunctions,<\/strong>\u00a0introduce dependent clauses: groups of words that can&#8217;t stand on their own and get\u00a0hooked up to independent clauses so that they can stand together. Some of those popular subordinating conjunctions are &#8216;<strong>although&#8217;, &#8216;since&#8217;, &#8216;because&#8217;, &#8216;as&#8217;, &#8216;when&#8217;, &#8216;while&#8217;, &#8216;until&#8217; &#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.grammar-monster.com\/glossary\/subordinating_conjunctions.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-45299\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/subordinating_conjunction.jpg\" alt=\"subordinating_conjunction\" width=\"266\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/subordinating_conjunction.jpg 266w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/subordinating_conjunction-150x99.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Notice that\u00a0a subordinating conjunction will always be the <em>first<\/em> word of a dependent clause, so if you&#8217;ve identified something that&#8217;s dependent take a look at that first word because that&#8217;s your subordinating conjunction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RKlvpPBh8Pc\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u2022 \u00a0\u2022 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\u2193\u00a0 &#8216;though&#8217;, &#8216;although&#8217;, &#8216;even though&#8217;, &#8216;despite&#8217;, &#8216;in spite of&#8217; \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nX8N9RiGCZg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/worldservice\/learningenglish\/grammar\/learnit\/learnitv136.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-45440\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eoisabi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/as-if-as-though.jpg\" alt=\"as-if-as-though\" width=\"227\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/as-if-as-though.jpg 227w, https:\/\/englishroam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/as-if-as-though-150x112.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The\u2192THREE DISCOURSE PRINCIPLES \u2190[Advanced] \u2022\u2192INFORMATION ORDERING \u21d4 [quiz] \u2190 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Here&#8217;s a great lesson on \u2192DISCOURSE MARKERS\u2190 courtesy of Kenneth Beare, an ESL teacher, trainer, and content developer. He provides consulting services for English language learning projects through Englishfeed, as well as being the founder of Lingofeeds, dedicated to English for [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":2587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[297],"tags":[190,236],"class_list":["post-2588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","tag-style","tag-exercices","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2588"}],"version-history":[{"count":172,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55284,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2588\/revisions\/55284"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/englishroam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}